Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Technology

- Segregation and conversion of carbon rich waste to RDF by process of shredding, heat treatment, removal of hazardous waste, and conversion to RDF.
- The RDF technology for conversion of Municipal Solid Waste into a clean burning fuel by waste processing
- MSW Process Capacity 60TPD TO 2000TPD
- Generation of Electric Power: 9,000 kWh/Day to 300,000 kWh/Da
- i.Small Scale Projects 60 TPD to 200TPD
- ii.Large scale projects 200 TPD onwards

Process Management of Municipal Solid Waste

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WTE TECHNOLOGY

The prime benefit of this technology is the bulk handling of MSW in an environment friendly manner.
There are no toxic discharges in either liquid, gaseous, or solid form.
Clean, green energy is produced.
As MSW consists of current biomass, there is no net addition of CO2 into the atmosphere thus contributing to climate change mitigation.
Does not contribute to global warming.
Great reduction in land requirement as only a fraction of MSW is land-filled.
As the material now land filled has been sterilized, it does not decompose thus avoiding generation of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Technology is low cost and low breakeven point.
Simple mechanical process of separation avoids complications involved in other technologies which rely on gasification, microbial activity etc.
WTE plants based on this technology qualify for CDM benefits.
Plant is of modular design, enabling capacity addition with ease as the city grows.
Technology available in typical modules to meet requirement of cities with varying population profiles.

THE PROCESS

Waste Receipt:
Waste is received at the waste receipt facility, and is conveyed through a pipe conveyor to the bag splitter.

Bag Splitting & Magnetic Separation:
Bags are slit open in the bag splitter and the open garbage is conveyed through a conveyor,
where odour control is done through spraying enzymes. Tramp iron is removed by the magnetic
separator and the waste is conveyed to the multi-segment rotary screen.

Rotary Screening & Plastics Separation:
At the multi-segment rotary screen, organics are removed for composting, recyclables are
segregated and the balance material is conveyed through a belt conveyor for fuel preparation.

Drying & Shredding:
The most important process of fuel preparation is Drying and Shredding. Drying reduces themoisture content to the desired levels and shredding homogenizes the waste to achieve steady
combustion in the boiler. This process is done in two stages. Drying is achieved in a rotary dryer, with counter current hot air flow. In the first stage, bulk drying is done and in the second stage, precise drying is done to get the desired moisture content in the RDF. Hot air is
generated by using extraction steam from the turbine, operating in co-gen mode, thus increasing the thermal-cycle efficiency of the system. Non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, etc. are removed by an Eddy Current separator.

Air Lift System:
Unwanted materials like batteries, PVC, stones, brick bats, etc. are removed through an air-classification system.

Wet Scrubber:
Acid fumes like SOx and HCl are neutralized and eliminated by wet-scrubbing. All heavy metals like Mercury, Cadmium, Zinc, Arsenic, Lead, etc. are adsorbed in activated carbon, trapped in a bag filter and removed. Only clean flue gas is allowed to exit the chimney. Emission’s monitoring is done at the Chimney. Hazardous waste comprising of heavy metals are collected in the pollution control system. This is a very small quantity. This is handled as per existing local practices.

Energy Balance

- Energy in Municipal Solid Waste is 100%.
- Energy carried away- 11% (Output Product of High Value).
- Energy in by-product: Plastic – 12% (Output Product of High Value).

Energy recovered in RDF fuel – 77%

Power Plant Operates in Co-Generation Mode

Energy Recovered in Power Plant

Electrical Energy – 23%

Thermal Energy – 13% for Drying

Total Energy recovery – 36%

Salient Features

Clean, Green Energy is Produced
There no toxic discharge in liquid, gaseous or solid forms.
As MSW consists of current biomass, there is no net addition of CO₂ into the atmosphere. Thus, contributing to climate change mitigation.
WTE Plant based on this technology qualified for CDM benefits.
Does not contributes to global warming
As the material now land filled has been sterilized, it does not decomposed thus avoiding generation of methane, a potent green house gases.
Technology is low cost & low breakeven point.
Plant is of modular design, enabling capacity addition with ease as the city grows.
Technology provided in typical modules to meet requirements of cities with varying population profiles.
Bulk handling of MSW in an environment friendly manner.